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Source Material

1.   Rittenberger, J. C., Bost, J. E., & Menegazzi, J. J. (2006). Time to give the first medication during resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation, 70(2), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.12.006

2.   Murugan, S., Parris, P., & Wells, M. (2018). Drug preparation and administration errors during simulated paediatric resuscitations. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104(5), 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315840

3.   Murugan, S., Parris, P., & Wells, M. (2018). Drug preparation and administration errors during simulated paediatric resuscitations. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104(5), 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315840

4.   Hansen, M., Walker-Stevenson, G., Bahr, N., Harrod, T., Meckler, G., Eriksson, C., & Guise, J.-M. (2023). Comparison of Resuscitation Quality in Simulated Pediatric and Adult Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. JAMA Network Open, 6(5), e2313969–e2313969. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13969

5.   Flipping the Script on Medication Errors. (n.d.). Www.childrenshospitals.org. https://www.childrenshospitals.org/news/childrens-hospitals-today/2023/11/flipping-the-script-on-medication-errors

6.   News, A. B. C. (2007, November 21). Dennis Quaid’s Newborns Given Accidental Overdose. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/OnCall/story?id=3896544&page=1

7.   Cicero, M. X., Adelgais, K., Hoyle, J. D., Lyng, J. W., Harris, M., Moore, B., & Gausche-Hill, M. (2020). Medication Dosing Safety for Pediatric Patients: Recognizing Gaps, Safety Threats, and Best Practices in the Emergency Medical Services Setting. A Position Statement and Resource Document from NAEMSP. Prehospital Emergency Care, 25(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2020.1794085

8.   Hansen, M., Schmicker, R. H., Newgard, C. D., Grunau, B., Scheuermeyer, F., Cheskes, S., Vithalani, V., Alnaji, F., Rea, T., Idris, A. H., Herren, H., Hutchison, J., Austin, M., Egan, D., & Daya, M. (2018). Time to Epinephrine Administration and Survival From Nonshockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Among Children and Adults. Circulation, 137(19), 2032–2040. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.117.033067

9.   Siebert, J. N., Bloudeau, L., Ehrler, F., Combescure, C., Haddad, K., Hugon, F., Suppan, L., Rodieux, F., Lovis, C., Gervaix, A., & Manzano, S. (2019). A mobile device app to reduce prehospital medication errors and time to drug preparation and delivery by emergency medical services during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: study protocol of a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Trials, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3726-4

10.   Hoyle, J. D., Davis, A. T., Putman, K. K., Trytko, J. A., & Fales, W. D. (2012). Medication Dosing Errors in Pediatric Patients Treated by Emergency Medical Services. Prehospital Emergency Care, 16(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2011.614043   ;    Hoyle, J. D., Crowe, R. P., Bentley, M. A., Beltran, G., & Fales, W. (2017). Pediatric Prehospital Medication Dosing Errors: A National Survey of Paramedics. Prehospital Emergency Care, 21(2), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2016.1227001

11.   Cohen, N. T., Chamberlain, J. M., & Gaillard, W. D. (2019). Timing and selection of first antiseizure medication in patients with pediatric status epilepticus. Epilepsy Research, 149, 21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.10.014

12.   Color-coded prefilled medication syringes decrease time to delivery and dosing errors in simulated prehospital pediatric resuscitations: A randomized crossover trial. (2015). Resuscitation, 96, 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.035

13.   Shenoi, R. P., & Timm, N. (2019). Drugs Used to Treat Pediatric Emergencies. Pediatrics, 145(1), e20193450. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3450

14.   Marcin, J. P., Dharmar, M., Cho, M., Seifert, L. L., Cook, J. L., Cole, S. L., Nasrollahzadeh, F., & Romano, P. S. (2007). Medication Errors Among Acutely Ill and Injured Children Treated in Rural Emergency Departments. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 50(4), 361-367.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.01.020

15.   Gausche-Hill, M., Ely, M., Schmuhl, P., Telford, R., Remick, K. E., Edgerton, E. A., & Olson, L. M. (2015). A National Assessment of Pediatric Readiness of Emergency Departments. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(6), 527. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.138

16.   Ray, K. N., Olson, L. M., Edgerton, E. A., Ely, M., Gausche-Hill, M., Schmuhl, P., Wallace, D. J., & Kahn, J. M. (2018). Access to High Pediatric-Readiness Emergency Care in the United States. The Journal of Pediatrics, 194, 225-232.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.074

17.   Kaufmann, J., Laschat, M., & Wappler, F. (2012). Medication Errors in Pediatric Emergencies. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2012.0609

18.   Porter, E., Barcega, B., & Kim, T. Y. (2014). Analysis of Medication Errors in Simulated Pediatric Resuscitation by Residents. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(4), 486–490. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.2.17922

19.   Alsabri, M., Aziz, M. M., Abdul-Hafez, H. A., Zaben, B. A., Hussein, M., Salahaldin, R. R., Makhzangy, H. E., & Tuqan, A. R. (2025). Cardiac arrest in children: emerging trends in resuscitation and outcomes in low-resource pediatric emergency departments. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00926-z

20.   Veena Devarajan, Nicole L. Nadeau, Jessica K. Creedon, Timothy E. Dribin, Margaret Lin, Alexander W. Hirsch, Jeffrey T. Neal, Amanda Stewart, Erica Popovsky, Danielle Levitt, Jennifer A. Hoffmann, Michael Lee, Catherine Perron, Dhara Shah, Matthew A. Eisenberg, Joel D. Hudgins; Reducing Pediatric Emergency Department Prescription Errors. Pediatrics June 2022; 149 (6): e2020014696. 10.1542/peds.2020-014696

21.   Jukkala, A. M., & Henly, S. J. (2009). Provider Readiness for Neonatal Resuscitation in Rural Hospitals. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 38(4), 443–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01037.x

22.   Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. (2020, July 18). Medication Errors. Www.amcp.org. https://www.amcp.org/concepts-managed-care-pharmacy/medication-errors

23.   Valença-Feitosa, F., Santos, M. R. dos, Carvalho, G. A. C., Alcantara, T. dos S., Oliveira Filho, A. D. de, & Lyra-Jr, D. P. de. (2022). Cost-effectiveness of medication reconciliation performed by a pharmacist in pediatrics of a hospital: A randomized clinical trial protocol linked to a pharmacoeconomic study. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.10.013

24.   What is the Average Medical Malpractice Settlement Amount? | Millions Recovered. (2025, October 10). Hopkins Law Firm. https://www.hopkinsfirm.com/faqs/what-is-the-average-medical-malpractice-settlement-amount/

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